CPGmatters: Coke Focuses on Segmentation For New Go-to-Market Strategy

By John Karolefski
Through a special arrangement, what follows is an excerpt of a current article from CPGmatters, a monthly e-zine, presented here for discussion.
The right product in the right place with the right message for the right shopper. That’s the goal of Coca-Cola’s new go-to-market strategy that focuses on a segmentation platform to address shopper needs and deliver customized beverage solutions to supermarkets.
“We start with the premise that no two stores in America are exactly alike. Each store has its own DNA consisting of different shoppers who have different needs and different purchase behavior,” John Carroll, Coke’s vice president of shopper insights and marketing solutions, said recently at Nielsen’s Consumer 360 conference. “Once you understand the store’s DNA, you will be able to recommend the right brands, right packages, and right occasions for the right people.”
In the past, the same products were largely available in every supermarket. Today, trading partners are looking for differentiation and segmentation, according to Mr. Carroll.
Coca-Cola’s Shopper Segmentation Methodology starts with shopper insights by using the Nielsen Homescan Panel of households and grouping shoppers into segments based on their purchase dynamics, demographics, and psychographics. That information is used to group stores into five clusters using Spectra targeting tools that identify high-value consumers. Coke scores each store according to beverage purchase segments. Once the stores are assigned a score, they are clustered together based on degree of similarity within the clusters and differences between them.
Each store typically serves one shopper cluster. Gaps in actual volume versus demand indices are opportunities. The latter estimates potential, indicating high consumer fit for the brand.
One challenge is taking Coke’s segmentation model and matching it up with a retailer’s own segmentation model. Mr. Carroll also admits that the system requires art as well as science.
“We’ve done our best to develop the science and to be accurate with clustering. But when the account manager walks into that Winn-Dixie in Cluster #1 in Florida or that Safeway in Cluster #2 in Northern California, they see that the clustering that we have identified as matching up with the people shopping the store. It’s really important to have those two things working together. So, we identify the shoppers in the store using eyeballs and the science and then we figure out what the merchandising differences are by cluster.
“That may mean loading up on Coke Zero in a suburban affluent store and Fanta in a Hispanic store. The process aims to figure out what that shopper’s needs are and what brands they are most likely to buy. This information helps Coke develop planograms for the shelf set, displays and cooler.”
Discussion Question: What do you think of Coca Cola’s new shopper segmentation strategy? What do you think are some of the opportunities as well as challenges in implementing such a system?
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17 Comments on "CPGmatters: Coke Focuses on Segmentation For New Go-to-Market Strategy"
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As the major beverage manufacturers fight for “share of thirst” it only makes sense to refine their assortment strategies to take advantage of the consumer purchase opportunities in the various retail and food away from home outlets.
The continual expansion of beverage options owned and/or distributed by Coke and Pepsico makes this a logical opportunity to maximize return on shelf/cooler space and specialized logistics for both the manufacturer and the retailer.
This in my opinion is a logical extension of category management and channel-specific packaging options that have long existed in the business…the major difference is it plays well beyond carbonated beverages and into water, juices, iced tea, iced coffee and other unique/upscale beverage choices.
I’m sure there is also new research to support this effort and boost sales on these important product lines!
Coke is a sage soda company. Its new shopper segmentation strategy places local product preferences in front of local consumers. And it deserves kudos. That approach is a logical market segmentation strategy and it will improve availability of locally desired products, increase the retailer’s shelf productivity and enhance product movement. That appears to address a lot of Coke’s marketing needs, but does it address another large company need–creating new customers’ desires for its currently new and its still-to-developed products for its future prosperity?
Coca-Cola should be commended for their impressive efforts to bring a more scientific method to the store segmentation issue.
In a recent survey conducted by Dechert-Hampe, Coca-Cola was widely recognized for its in-store marketing leadership. However, that same survey revealed that most marketers feel the barrier to more effective shopper and store segmentation was not just the insights, but the difficulty of in-store execution. Its extensive DSD network gives Coca-Cola a significant advantage in this regard.
We have learned that we can often develop more sophisticated models for shopper insights and store segmentation than the retailer can implement. So does that mean, we all need to go DSD? No, it simply means we have to use the shopper insights to continuously improve category management within the context of the systems available to us.
The basic idea has been around for a long time. Identifying the needs, wants, purchase behavior, and trends of consumers at a particular store and providing the products they want to purchase is the premise many successful independent retailers, some large retailers, and some major manufacturers are using successfully.
However, as soon as Coca-Cola says that this translates into determining the DNA of the store and that stores should be clustered into groups of 5, they have just negated the above premise and won’t find the success they desire.
Coke is really onto something here. Location-based marketing, or micro-geographic marketing, is smart business. Why? Because it capitalizes on the huge “under-the-radar” opportunity presented by the mass domestic migration happening in this country.
This past month, The Brookings Institute published a book called Boomburbs. Boomburbs dimensionalizes the scale of change in American communities. Here is an excerpt:
“Boomburbs are defined as having 100,000 residents or more…Boomburbs now contain over a quarter of all residents of small to midsize cities.
Another way to grasp just how big boomburbs have become, is by comparing their current populations with those of some better-known traditional cities. Mesa, Arizona is bigger than such traditional large cities as Minneapolis, Miami, and St. Louis…”
To understand who is living where–in center city, first ring suburbs, exurbs, boomburbs–is to understand your market. This is the lesson Coke is teaching.
When I think about all the planning that goes into DSD assortment rationalization I always think of a conversation I had with a route man one day. “A route man’s favorite is a route that ends with a couple of chain supermarkets.” Those are where you get rid of all the dregs that remain on the truck.
This was a great idea even in the early ’90s, when we built the tools to do this at Nielsen–this is not a new idea, even for Nielsen. Companies that do store-door deliveries have a unique opportunity to implement customized selections. There should be a good upside by improving the assortment.
The downside is that this is likely to produce less of a benefit than perhaps expected, because the world does not have five clusters and a store’s trading area population is never going to belong to one cluster alone. There will be some missed opportunities by focusing on demos alone and such a high level of aggregation.
Having worked for KO for a number of year and still being a stockholder I would be shocked to see a single SKU eliminated from retail distribution. Does anyone think that Coke will eliminate Fanta Orange in any location that sells Nehi Orange? This is marketing–smoke and mirrors! Shelf space allocation rationalization might be a better term as I suspect that Coke will use this “segmentation” to try and convince retailers to eliminate all Orange drinks from a location so they can use the shelf space to expand their other labels. Hope it works because we all know shelf space = sales! If it were me, I would use the time and energy in building Coke in China where they have a large global brand lead and will get an even bigger push via the Olympics.
John Carroll, Coke’s vice president of shopper insights and marketing solutions, discusses the premise that no two stores in America are exactly alike and that the DNA of no two shoppers are the same. Whereas, I definitely concur that no two shoppers are the same, I respectfully submit that the correct premise should be, “…no two stores in America SHOULD BE exactly alike,” however, retail chains for the most part have become copy cats, followers, and dittoheads. The current retail universe is boring for consumers because too many stores are almost exactly alike. Most retail chains have 99% the same product assortment, the same types of promotions and TPRs, the same types of advertising, and in some cases, even the same signs, colors, and banners. I like the direction Coke is going to help bring back some individualism in how we market to different consumers. It’s a step in the right direction.
“The right product in the right place with the right message for the right shopper.” That’s a succinct definition of the holy grail of marketing and advertising, and targeting, or segmentation, is the way to achieve it.
Savvy, forward-looking retailers are adopting shopper-segmentation strategies specific to each of their stores. Some of these models center on customer demographics (who they are); others focus more on attitudinal attributes (what they want). The more a retailer can segment its own consumer base, the more actionable intelligence that will be revealed.
Strategies should focus on identifying opportunities, customer-targeted tactics, and benefit quantification.
Smells like customer centricity to me. It’s easier for Coke to pull off its own segmentations because of it’s a DSD product–they have more say over the product mix at a store by store level. What’s interesting though is that they have done this on their own, and now are working to reconcile their own segmentations against retailers’ segmentations. It’s too bad that retailers continue to be tight-fisted about shopper segmentations and insights–a manufacturer, with the broad view across all retailers, can bring valuable information to a retailer’s segmentation analysis, just as a retailer can help a manufacturer understand their unique customer mix–and potentially get a better product mix as a result.
But no matter what, with everyone paying such close attention to “the customer,” at least one group will clearly benefit: consumers.
Coke has been disappointed in their market share growth (or lack of growth) for years. Every 1% is very meaningful to them, since the carbonated beverage market isn’t growing. Pepsi bought noncarbonated brands (Tropicana, Gatorade, etc.), The noncarbonated segment has been growing nicely for everyone, not just Pepsi. If Coke’s new market segmentation strategy gets them a percentage point or more growth, then it’s a winner. The big growth would more likely be found by brand acquisition or substantial product innovation, however.